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Partial Abstract: Binary similarity coefficients are used widely in paleontology and biostratigraphy for analysis of multivariate data, especially in conjunction with cluster analysis. Some coefficients currently in use do not yield approximations to binomial distributions (e.g., the Jaccard coefficient). This departure from a binomial distribution is most apparent when coefficient values are based upon a small number of variables per sample--a condition that is an unfortunate but common attribute of geological data. In decreasing order of utility...we rank the coefficients tested as Simple Matching, Hamann, Baroni-Urbani and Buser, Dice, Braun-Blanquet, and Simpson. The Jaccard coefficient should be used with caution because of its peculiarities and its nonbinomial distribution irrespective of the number of variables used.
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Abstract: Within the Ramp Creek, Harrodsburg, Salem, St. Louis and Ste. Genevieve formation, a wide variety of carbonates occur, including silty dolomudstones, mudstones, wackestones and skeletal and oolitic grainstones. Analysis of these Middle Mississippian carbonates from surface exposures and cores indicates that small- and larger-scale depositional cyclicity if prominently developed. Four facies representing four major depositional environments are recognized: A) calcareous sand and oolite shoals and bars, B) tidal channels, C) lagoons and D) sabkhas. Although characteristic trace-fossil assemblages occur within the various facies, recognition of trace fossils is controlled largely by preservational factors such as degree of lithologic heterogeneity and mean grain size..
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Partial Abstract: Facies representing eight deltaic environments are recognized in the Mansfield Formation (Pennsylvanian: Morrowan) and Dugger Formation (Pennsylvanian: Desmoinesian) of Indiana. These facies are interpreted as A) lower interdistributary bay, B) middle interdistributary bay, C) upper interdistributary bay, D) tidal flat, E) distributary-mouth bar, F) crevasse splay, G) active channel fill, and H) floodplain and lacustrine. Despite some overlap, each facies is characterized by a specific assemblage and diversity of trace fossils.
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