1. This is a trick question: only gymnosperms have synergids
2. fuse with one of the sperm cells
3. participate in forming stored nutrition for the developing embryo
4. have no active role in the fertilization event
5. are placed in the end opposite to the micropyle

1. the tube cell nucleus fuses with the one of the nuclei in the ovule
2. gnetophytes like angiosperms have a triploid endosperm
3. both have similar egg-bearing apparatus
4. nuclei from the microgametophyte fuse with nuclei from the megagametophyte
5. the events are identical and involve two sperms cells that initiate homologous tissues

1. produce the lateral growth in some monocotyledons
2. are never involved in lateral growth
3. are where the secondary phloem forms
4. responsible for the growth of a leaf blade
5. explain how conifers can live for millenia

1. evergreen
2. deciduous
3. monoecious
4. diecious
5. gymnosperms vary; any of the above may apply

1. may have several generations in a single seed
2. like gymnosperms have a haploid megasporangium
3. have a haploid nucellus like gymnosperms do
4. have no nucellus what so ever
5. as opposed to gymnosperms possess no microgametophyte

1. mainly fiber
2. most usually wood
3. mainly xylem
4. products of secondary growth
5. all of the above

1. increasing popularity of domino game is threatening tropical rain forests
2. dodo-bird ate tambalacoque tree seed pushing the tree into extinction
3. extinction of one species puts another one to the brink of extinction
4. nobody plays domino any more
5. tambalacoque tree needs scarification prior to germination

1. the region in soil that is affected by roots and their exudates
2. something that you encounter in mission to Mars
3. layer just above lithosphere
4. known also as biosphere
5. the layer just below lower atmosphere

1. slender structures that plants use for twining and support
2. modified stems
3. modified leaves
4. sometimes photosynthetic
5. all of the above

2. there are several apical meristems because the leaves have an apical meristem too
3. there are only leaf marginal meristems
4. the bud is protected by a bud cap similar to root cap
5. bud cap exudates protect the elongating stem young stem from the hazards of the environment

1. it is a gymnosperm and undergoes double fertilization and then aborts the second diploid cell
2. it is an angiosperm and does not have an endosperm
3. it produces foul-smelling fruit
4. it is a monocot and has secondary cortex
5. it is a gymnosperm and has photosynthetic stems

1. from a folded leaf
2. from stamens
3. lateral meristems
4. rhizosphere
5. through meiosis

1. one
2. two
3. two; one that fertilizes the egg and another that fuses with the polar nuclei
4. always two, but the other one may disintegrate by the time of fertilization
5. none of the above; the egg engulfs the sperm cells

14. Plants talk! Means that…

1. Careful listener can hear plants broadcasting complex messages
2. Salix sitchensis (sitka willows), when attacked by ferocious pests, can send chemical signals to neighboring plants
3. Plants have an underground network of communication which involves sending electric signals
4. Through physical contact, plants can Morse code messages to their neighbors
5. Is what "Wind in the Willows" is all about.

1. is an aquatic plant which may resemble the first flowering plants
2. is a plant that grows in cool, dry uplands in Europe
3. according to dogma, was the first divergence event within angiosperms
4. represents the monophyly of dicotyledons
5. is currently extinct

1. involves structural breaking of the cell wall or its components
2. involves accelerated cell divisions
3. involves breaking dormancy in the non-meristematic tissues
4. has a prerequisite interaction with ethylene
5. all of the above

1. they do not have flagellated sperm
2. spore dispersal from the sporophyte does not need water
3. next sporophyte generation can be dipersed independent of the female gametophyte
4. there is no haploid gametophyte generation
5. they are homosporous

1. monocots have only one cotyledon
2. the roots have different "fingerprints"
3. the arrangement of vascular bundles is usually different
4. monocots have a clearly identifiable lateral cambium
5. monocots frequently produce suckers

1. the hormone involved in leaf abscission.
2. the hormone produced when shortage of water occurs.
3. a growth stimulant like auxin, cytokinins and gibberellins.
4. commercially available and used for crop synchronization by apple farmers.
5. all of the above.

1. pigments causing the blue color in the root caps
2. pigments that reflect blue light
3. potentially the agent of gravitropism
4. vacuole confining membranes similar to tonoplasts
5. pigments with no apparent function what so ever

towards the center of the plant. TRUE FALSE

suberized cork. TRUE FALSE

megasporocyte goes through three mitotic divisions. TRUE FALSE

angiosperms. TRUE FALSE

it to curl over the stem apical meristem to protect it TRUE FALSE

30. Bisporangiate and monoecious are synonymous. TRUE FALSE

peripherial cells and eventually form epidermis. TRUE FALSE

provides replacement to damaged meristem cells. TRUE FALSE

stem elongation in conifers. TRUE FALSE

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I STILL THINK THAT THE BONUS QUESTIONS ARE PRIVILEDGED INFORMATION.

I STILL THINK THAT THE BONUS QUESTIONS ARE PRIVILEDGED INFORMATION.