How does a plant get its name (binomial)?
What is an authority?
Could you, if the desire strikes, name a plant? What would you have to do?
What are the evolutionary hypotheses that a binomial presents?
Why do we have herbaria?
What is a type specimen?
Why do we assign a type specimen?
What are the 5 kingdoms?
What kinds of organisms belong to each kingdom?
What is a species ó morphologically, reproductively?
What does parsimony mean?
What is hybridization?
Why is hybridization important?
Why is hybridization more common in plants than in animals?
What is introgression?
What is polyploidy?
What is biodiversity and why is it important?
What is symbiosis?
What is endosymbiosis and why is that important?
How did fungi potentially assist in plant invasion of the terrestrial environment?
How did plants solve problems of reproduction and desiccation in the terrestrial habitats ó which groups share these characteristics?
What are the differences between cell and organismal theories?
What are the features unique to plant cells?
What are their respective functions?
How do animals deal with these functions?
What is tissue?
What kinds of tissue systems do plants have?
What are the functions of these tissue systems?
CO2 + 2H2O + energyó> (CH2O) + H2O + O2
Why is photosynthesis important?
What happens during the light-dependent reactions?
Where does the O2 come from, how about CO2?
What are the functions of different pigments?
What are the differences between cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylations?
How is the energy stored once captured?
How are the light-independent and light-dependent reactions related/connected?
What happens during the light-independent reactions?
How and where from is the CO2 obtained?
Where does the energy for the reactions come from?
What are the input and output chemical compounds in light-independent reactions?
What is Calvin cycle?
What is photorespiration, how does ribulosebiphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase explain it?
How do C3, C4 and CAM differ?
What is the evolutionary advantage of having C3, C4, or CAM photosynthetic pathways?
What are the main groups of fungi, how do they differ morphologically and ecologically?
What is symbiosis?
What is mycorrhiza and what are the benefits of the relationship for the involved parties?
What is a lichen and what are the benefits of the relationship for the involved parties?
How do fungi relate to the rest of the kingdoms, what are the pieces of evidence for these relationships?
How do sexual and asexual reproduction differ?
What are the main features of a generalized life cycle?
What are the dominant parts of the life cycle in the major groups of fungi?
What are the main groups of algae, what defines those groups?
How do algae relate to the rest of the kingdoms?
What do algae do?
What are the main features of a generalized life cycle?
What is a sporophyte/gametophyte?
How do sexual and asexual reproduction differ?
What are the main differences in fungal and algal life cycles? (Hint: alteration of generationsÖ)
What are the dominant parts of the life cycle?
What are the major groups of bryophytes, how do they differ morphologically and ecologically?
What are vascular and non-vascular plants?
How do bryophytes relate to the rest of the kingdoms, how about other plants?
What are the general characteristics of bryophytes?
What are the arguments placing mosses as the group sharing most recent common ancestry with other plants?
What is a sporophyte/gametophyte?
What are the dominant parts of the life cycle?
What are the morphological features that make bryophytes better fit for terrestrial environment than algae? What are the features that make them less fit than ferns?
What are the main differences in algal and bryophyte life cycles? (Hint: dominant generation and independent sporophytesÖ)
What are vascular and non-vascular plants?
What is stele?
What are the main differences and similarities among bryophytes and seedless vascular plants?
How does evolution of vascular tissue explain further invasion of the terrestrial environment?
How did vascular plants solve the problems of gas exchange, water loss, and desiccation?
What did the earliest vascular plants look like?
What are the major groups of seedless vascular plants, how do they differ morphologically?
How do seedless vascular plants relate to the rest of the plants?
What are the main differences and similarities among seedless vascular plants and bryophytes?
What are the dominant parts of the life cycle,
how do these differ among bryophytes and seedless vascular plants?
Good luck with the exam! May the force be with you!